With an elastic modulus of 200-210 GPa and thermal expansion coefficient of 11.5-12.5×10⁻⁶/°C, they maintain stability in temperatures from -50°C to 150°C, suitable for varied operating conditions.

They offer high precision with grades G10-G200 (tolerances ±0.0025mm to ±0.025mm) and a surface roughness of Ra 0.02-0.05μm, ensuring smooth, low-friction performance in high-speed or precision applications.

They are used in rolling bearings, grinding media, valves, and mechanical transmission systems, particularly in automotive (e.g., gearboxes), industrial machinery, mining equipment, and precision instruments.

Alloy steel balls are made from low-alloy steels like CG40Cr, CG08, or SAE8620, containing elements such as chromium (0.4-1.1%), nickel (up to 0.7%), and molybdenum (up to 0.25%). These elements enhance hardness, toughness, and wear resistance.